Elements Of Sentence And Simple Tense

Elements Of Sentence

Subject
Subject is about what or who is spoken of in a sentence or clause. The subject can be people, animals, objects, or abstract concepts.
Each complete subject is basically built by one or more nouns or pronoun with / without additional modifier (s) which can be in the form of articles (the, an, an), adjective, and prepositional phrases. The gerund and infinitive can also occupy the position of the subject.
Example:
1. His new car tax has already been paid for by his assistant
2.The very big boarding school in this country was built in 1980.

Simple Subject and Simple Predicate
Simple subject in the form of a single noun or pronoun, leaving aside the modifier (s). Whereas simple predicate is a single verb or compound verb.
   Example         Simple Subject      Simple                                                                       Predicate
1. His new car tax
has already been           tax       has been paid
paid for by his
assistant

2. The very big
boarding school in       school       was  built
this county was built
in 1980

Verb
Verb (verb) is a word that functions to show the action of the subject, to indicate an event or situation. Verb is one of eight parts of speech. The English verb is not always a simple form (one word), but it may be a phrase combined with particle into phrasal verb (get in, make up, read over).
Verb Example
Some types and examples of verb include the following. Transitive and Intransitive:
1. Transitive followed by direct object (example sentence: The boy kicked the ball), while intransitive is not (example sentence: Cheryl often sneezes while cleaning).
2. Regular and Irregular: In the regular form, past tense and participle are obtained by adding suffix-ed to the base form while in irregular, the method is more varied.
3. Action and Stative: Action (eat, play) states that something happened, while stative (love, need) states that conditions tend to remain.
4. Finite and Non-Finite: Finite is influenced by tense and subject-verb agreement, while non-finite is not.
5. Linking Verb: connects the subject of a sentence with its description (example sentence: She is young and beautiful).
6. Causative: A verb to indicate that the subject is not directly responsible for the action that took place (example sentence: I had my house renovated last week).

Complement
Usually in the form of noun or noun phrase
Usually there after the verb in the active sentence
complement answers the question what (who) or who (whom)
Example
1. Sarijon bought a cake yesterday
What did Sarijon buy yesterday?  –> a cake.
2. He saw Tony at the movie
Whom did he see at the movie? –> Tony
3. I explain pharmacology to my students
What do I explain to my students? –> pharmacology

Modifier
Modifier describes the time (place), place, or manner (way) of an action or act
The most common form of modifier is a prepositional phrase (a group of words that starts with a preposition and ends with a noun
Preposition = on, out, under, behind, etc ...
Modifiers answer the questions when, where, or how
Example:
1. John bought a book at a book fair
Where did John buy a book? –> at a book fair
2. She is driving very fast
How is she driving? –> very fast
3. I posted my application yesterday
When do I post my application? –> yesterday

Simple Tense

Simple present tense
Simple present tense is used when expressing activities carried out every day or showing a habit in the present (current) time.
Adverbial
 (+) S + Verb (s/es)* + O

1. My mother bakes a cake twice a week.
2. I  always study hard everyday.

(-) S + do/does *+ not + Verb 1 + O
1. My mother does not bake a cake twice a week.
2. I do not always study hard everyday.

(?) do/does* + S +Verb 1 + O ?
1. Does my mother bake a cake twice a week?
2. Do I study hard everyday?

Nominal
(+) S + to be** + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
1. Father is proud of my successful.
2. My cousin brother is kind.

(-) S + to be** + not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
1. Father is not proud of my successful.
2. My cousin brother is not kind.

(?) to be** + S + Adjective/Noun/Adverb?
1. Is Father proud of my successful?
2. Is my cousin brother kind?

Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense is used when expressing activities carried out in the past or past.
Adverbial
(+) S + Verb 2 + O
My grandparent visited their grandchildren last week.
(+) S + did + not + Verb 1 + O
My grandparent did not visit their grandchildren last week.
(?) Did + S + Verb 1 + O?
Did my grandparent visit their grandchildren last week?

Nominal
(+) S + was/were*** + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Aunt was sick yesterday.
(-) S + was/were*** + not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Aunt was not sick yesterday.
(?) was/were*** + S + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Was aunt sick yesterday?

Simple Future Tense
Simple future tense is used when expressing activities that will be carried out in the future.
Adverbial
(+) S + will + Verb 1 + O
Your nephew will sent you an email tomorrow.
(-) S + will + not + Verb 1 + O
Your nephew will not sent you an email tomorrow.
(?)Will + S + Verb 1 + O?
Will your nephew sent you an email tomorrow?

Nominal
(+) S + will + be + Adjective/Noun?Adverb
My parent will be here for two months.
(-) S + will + not + be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
My parents will not be here for two months.
(?) Will + S + be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb?
Will my parent be here for two months?


Referensi
https://pintarbahasainggris.com/community/grammar/rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-simple-tense-present-past-future/
http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-subject-predicate
http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-macam-contoh-kalimat-verbs
https://yorijuly14.wordpress.com/2010/03/18/struktur-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/
http://suryanto-bogor.blogspot.com/2013/06/subject-verb-complement-and-modifier.html